pyramid [藞p瑟r蓹m瑟d] n. ___________process /藞pr蓹蕣，pyramid of giza

pyramid [藞p瑟r蓹m瑟d] n. ___________process /藞pr蓹蕣？type p.bat>prn 可將p.bat打印出來.copy null p 可將p文件刪除掉copy con p 可以在屏幕上編輯p文件,F6可以存盤退出type p>pp 完成p文件到pp 的復(fù)制type p|more 可在屏滿時暫停顯示二十六、那么，pyramid [藞p瑟r蓹m瑟d] n. ___________process /藞pr蓹蕣？一起來了解一下吧。

disopyramide

This chapter presented a brief overview of SQL Server partitioning, including an introduction to the key concepts and terms needed to gain a general understanding of the partitioning process.

[present, verb /pr??z?nt/,to show or describe someone or something.]

adjective/'pr?znt/

1

present at/in

Foreign observers were present at the elections.

the gases present in the Earth’s atmosphere.

She was present at the meeting.

There was a large crowd present in the auditorium /??d?'t?r??m/.

- sometimes used as an interjection

“John Smith?” “Present!” [=here]

There were high levels of lead /led/ present in the water. [=the water contained high levels of lead]

Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child.

There were 200 people present at the meeting.

The mistake was obvious to all those present.

I wasn't present when the doctor examined him.

Levels of pollution present in the atmosphere are increasing.

Analysis showed that traces /tres/ of arsenic /'ɑrsn?k/ were present in the body.

The whole family was present.

There were no children present.

I wasn’t present when Dr Allott examined Clare.

Among those present at the ceremony were the ambassador and his wife.

The chemicals obviously kill any bacteria present.

Both kinds ofnucleic acid/nu?kli?k '?s?d/ are present in all cells.

The president was not present at the meeting.

Nearly 85 per cent of men are present at the birth of their children.

The whole family was present.

This special form of vitamin D is naturally present in breast milk.

One theory is that the infection has been present in humans for a very long time.

If the gene is present, a human embryo will go on to develop as a male. [embryo =/'?mbr?o/ noun, an animal or human that has not yet been born, and has just begun to develop → foetus] [foetus =/'fit?s/ noun, a baby or young animal before it is born]

2

present in

The memory of her brother’s death is still present in her mind.

3

the present situation of the millions of people who are suffering poverty and disease.

At the present time we have no explanation for this.

the present [=current] situation.

No further changes are planned at the present time. [=now]

The game has existed in its present form for more than 300 years.

in the present situation

the present owner of the house

a list of all club members, past and present

We do not have any more information at the present time.

A few brief comments are sufficient for present purposes.

You can't use it in its present condition.

I don't have her present address.

Please state your present occupation and salary. [occupation = /?ɑkju'pe??n/ noun, a job or profession]

The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.

In his present emotional state, he is capable of doing anything.

The present owners purchased the farm in 1976.

The 550 researchers in the present study have published a total of 6490 papers.

He has brought much of the present crisis on himself.

the government's present economic difficulties.

It has been skilfully renovated by the present owners. [renovate = verb /'r?n?vet/, to repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again]

No statement can be made at the present time.

4

the present day (also the present)

in the time now, or modern times.

used to say what someone or something is now.

The present day is the period of history that we are in now.Syn:today

the company's present [=(more commonly) current] employees

the present leadership of the Senate/'s?n?t/ [=the people who have positions of power in the Senate now] [ the Senate = the smaller and more important of the two parts of the government with the power to make laws, in countries such as the US, Australia, and France 參議院]

the history of Scotland from the 16th century to the present day.

The ceremony honors our soldiers, past and present. [=people who were soldiers in the past and people who are soldiers now] [honor =/'ɑn?/ verb, to regard or treat (someone) with respect and admiration : to show or give honor to (someone).]

Western European art from the period of Giotto to the present day.

monastic music of the present day. [ monastic, adjective /m?'n?st?k/, monastery, noun /'mɑn?st?ri/, monk /m??k/]

5

all present and correct (British English)

all present and accounted for (American English)

The students are all present and accounted for.

6

present company excepted

present company excepted/excluded

Women are never satisfied with anything! Present company excepted, of course.

Men are such jerks — present company excepted/excluded, of course. [jerk = noun/d??k/, someone, especially a man, who is stupid or who does things that annoy or hurt other people SYNidiot]

The people in this office are so narrow-minded, present company excepted, of course.

People here just don't know how to dress, present company excepted.

‘Men are so stupid,’ she said, ‘present company excepted!’

7

present writer

No one — present writer included — thought the plan would work. [=no one, including me, thought the plan would work]

She is promoting her latest movie, which the present writer has not yet seen. [=which I have not yet seen] [promote =/pr?'mot/ verb, to help sell a new product, film etc by offering it at a reduced price or by advertising it]

noun/'pr?znt/

1

I’m looking for a present for Mark.

a birthday/Christmas/anniversary/wedding present.

Here's a present for you from John.

I gave/got her a book as a present.

Did you wrap the presents?

birthday/Christmas/wedding, etc. presents

What can I get him for a birthday present?

a birthday/Christmas/wedding present.

They gave me theatre tickets as a present.

Sam’s grandma brings him huge numbers of presents every time she comes to visit.

Yuki was wrapping a present for her mother.

I’m going to buy a wedding present for Chris and Karen.

The carpet was a wedding present from the Prime Minister.

I bought a birthday present for my mother.

This book would make a great Christmas present.

2

the present

Stop worrying about the past and live in the present.

The film is set sometime between 1995 and the present.

Past, present, and future are all linked together.

the past, the present, and the future

Let's leave things as they are for the present. We may change them in the future.

I have worked here from 2000 to the present.

Geologists believe that the present is the key to the past.

You've got to forget the past and start living in the present.

I'm sorry he's out at present(= now).

That's all for the present.

The play is set in the present.

We must learn to live in the present, not in the past.

continuing right up to the present.

Then her thoughts would switch to the present.

(there is) no time like the present

‘When do you want to start?’ ‘Well, there’s no time like the present (=used to say that if you are going to do something at all, you should do it now).’

There's no time like the present for getting things done! [=it is best to get things done right away instead of waiting until later]

‘When do you want to meet?’ ‘Well, there’s no time like the present. How about today?’

Don't wait until New Year to resolve to organise your life. There's no time like the present.

3

at present

The item you want is not available at present.

At present, the airport handles 110 flights a day.

Register

In everyday English, people usually say at the moment rather than at present:

I’m looking for a new job at the moment.

Things were bad then but they're better at present.

At present I am working as a substitute teacher.

"Are you busy?" "Not at present."

At present she's working abroad.

At present, the outlook for any kind of negotiated solution appears bleak. [bleak =/blik/ adjective, without anything to make you feel happy or hopeful]

There is no way at present of predicting which individuals will develop the disease. [develop =/d?'v?l?p/ verb, if you develop a disease or illness, or if it develops, you start to have it]

At present children under 14 are not permitted in bars.

4

for the present

for the moment/present

The company is still in business, at least for the present.

Register

In everyday English, people usually say for now, rather than for the present:

That’s all we have time for, for now.

It was useless to talk about it any more, for the present at least.

The ministers had expressed the unanimous view that sanctions should remain in place for the present. [unanimous =/j?'n?n?m?s/ adjective, 1). a unanimous decision, vote, agreement etc is one in which all the people involved agree]

5

He was trying to escape his present by living in the past.

She moved the company out of a troubled past and into a profitable present.

This house is big enough for the moment, but we'll have to move if we have children.

6

The verb is in the present.

square pyramid

本節(jié)所講內(nèi)容：

10.1 進程概述和ps查看進程工具

10.2 uptime查看系統(tǒng)負載-top動態(tài)管理進程

10.3 前后臺進程切換-nice進程優(yōu)先級-screen后臺執(zhí)行命令

安裝包地址：滲透測試實戰(zhàn)：內(nèi)網(wǎng)滲透之域滲透

10.1 進程概述和ps管理進程 10.1.1 什么是進程？

進程： 是程序運行的過程， 動態(tài)，有生命周期及運行狀態(tài)，是已啟動的可執(zhí)行程序的運行實例。

進程有以下組成部分：

? 已分配內(nèi)存的地址空間；

? 安全屬性，包括所有權(quán)憑據(jù)和特權(quán)；

? 程序代碼的一個或多個執(zhí)行線程；

? 進程狀態(tài)

線程：進程和線程都是由操作系統(tǒng)所體現(xiàn)的程序運行的基本單元，系統(tǒng)利用該基本單元實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)對應(yīng)用的并發(fā)性。進程和線程的區(qū)別在于：簡而言之,一個程序至少有一個進程,一個進程至少有一個線程。

程序： 二進制文件（程序即二進制文件），靜態(tài)實體 /bin/date,/usr/sbin/sshd

下圖所示的是進程的生命周期：

父進程復(fù)制自己的地址空間（fork [f?:k] 分叉）創(chuàng)建一個新的（子）進程結(jié)構(gòu)。每個新進程分配一個唯一的進程 ID （PID），滿足跟蹤安全性之需。PID 和 父進程 ID （PPID）是子進程環(huán)境的元素，任何進程都可以創(chuàng)建子進程，所有進程都是第一個系統(tǒng)進程的后代。

jungle pyramid

ATTRIB 文件屬性（顯示或改變屬性）

CHDIR(CD) 改變目錄

CHKDSK 檢查磁盤

CHOICE 提示擊鍵輸入

CLS 清屏幕

COMMAND 重新加載MS-DOS程序

COPY 復(fù)制文件

DATE 設(shè)置顯示日期

DEBUG 調(diào)試程序

DEFRAG 清除磁盤碎片

DEL(ERASE) 刪除文件

DELOLDOS 刪除舊DOS文件

DELTREE 刪除目錄樹分支

DIR 顯示目錄

DISKCOMP 比較軟盤內(nèi)容

DISKCOPY 復(fù)制磁盤

DOS 擴展擴充內(nèi)存管理

DOSSHELL DOS外層

DRIVPARM 定義驅(qū)動器參數(shù)

EDIT 編輯器

EMM386 內(nèi)存管理

ERASE 刪除文件

DBLSPACE 磁盤壓縮

EXPAND 釋放壓縮

FASTHELP 快速求助

FC 文件比較

FDISK 磁盤分區(qū)

FIND 搜尋指定字串

FOR 循環(huán)執(zhí)行命令

FORMAT 格式化磁盤

MEM 內(nèi)存使用情況顯示

MKDIR(MD) 建立子目錄

MSAV 檢查和清除病毒

MSBACKUP 磁盤文件務(wù)份

PATH 設(shè)置搜索路徑

PAUSE 暫停執(zhí)行命令

RESTORE 磁盤文件轉(zhuǎn)儲

RENAME(REN) 文件重新命名

RMDIR(RD) 刪除目錄

SCANDISK 檢查磁盤

SYS 傳送系統(tǒng)文件

TIME 設(shè)置顯示時間

TREE 顯示目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

TYPE 顯示文件內(nèi)容

UNDELETE 恢復(fù)被刪除文件

VER 顯示系統(tǒng)版本號

VOL 顯示卷標(biāo)

VSAFE 病毒檢查

XCOPY 復(fù)制組文件

APPEND 補充路徑

BREAK 檢查控制中斷

BUFFERS 設(shè)置磁盤緩沖區(qū)數(shù)

CALL 調(diào)用批文件

CHCP 轉(zhuǎn)換碼頁

COUNTRY 確定國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貨幣

CTTY 改變控制臺

DEVICE 安裝設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序

DEVICEHIGH 裝載設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序

ECHO 命令顯示開關(guān)

FASTOPEN 快速加載文件

FCBS 使用文件控制塊

FILES 同時打開文件數(shù)

GOTO 轉(zhuǎn)向分支

GRAPHICS 圖形屏幕打印

HELP 求助

IF 設(shè)定條件

INCLUDE 簡化多重配置塊

INSTALL 安裝常駐程序

INTERLNK 計算機互連

INTERSVR 與服務(wù)器互連

KEYB 裝載字符轉(zhuǎn)換表

LABEL 卷標(biāo)

LASTDRIVE 置最大驅(qū)動器數(shù)

LOADFIX 裝入固定內(nèi)存

LOADHIGH(LH) 高內(nèi)存程序裝載

MEMMAKER 檢查內(nèi)存

MENUCOLOR 設(shè)置顯示選項

MODE 設(shè)置硬件工作方式

MSCDEX 訪問CD驅(qū)動器

MSO 檢查系統(tǒng)配置

NLSFUNC 支持各國語言

NUMLOCK 控制NUMLOCK鍵

POWER 節(jié)省電能

PRINT 后臺打印

PROMPT 改變系統(tǒng)提示

QBASIC 啟動QB

REM 注釋信息

REPLACE 替換文件

SET 設(shè)置環(huán)境變量

SETUP 安裝DOS6。

Great pyramid

HS：睡前

Biw：每周1次

sos：需要時

QOD：隔日一次

ID：皮內(nèi)注射。皮內(nèi)注射，是把藥物注射到皮膚的表皮以下，一般是真皮層以上，不到皮下組織。（一些疫苗多是這樣的，還有藥敏實驗，還有局麻的前部操作）肌肉注射位置更深一些，深達肌肉組織。

/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3fb43166d224f4aff0c0b8104f790529922d18f"target="_blank"title="點擊查看大圖"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3fb43166d224f4aff0c0b8104f790529922d18f?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3fb43166d224f4aff0c0b8104f790529922d18f"/>

擴展資料

醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語縮寫及含義：

Sig：用法、指示qh：每1小時

q2h：每2小時

q8h：每8小時

Qd：每日1次

Bid：每日2次

Tid：每日3次

Qid：每日4次

Qw：每周1次

Biw：每周1次

qm：每晨1次

qn：每晚1次

hs：睡前

ac：飯前

pc：飯后

st：立即prn：必要時po：口服

ih：皮下注射

im：肌肉注射

iv：靜脈注射

iv.gtt

iv.drip：靜脈滴注5％G.S：5％的葡萄糖N.S：生理鹽水

G.N：葡萄糖鹽水

aa：各a.c.：飯前

Lent!：慢慢地!

m.d.：用法口授,遵照醫(yī)囑

M.D.S.：混合,給予,標(biāo)記

M.f.pulv.：混合制成散劑

mg.：毫克ml.：毫升

m.s.：用法口授,遵照醫(yī)囑

p.a.a.：用于患處pg.：微克

參考資料：

/baike.baidu.com/item/sos/2210450"target="_blank"title="百度百科_sos">百度百科_sos

/baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%9A%AE%E5%86%85%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84?timestamp=1545661567529"target="_blank"title="百度百科_皮內(nèi)注射">百度百科_皮內(nèi)注射

/infect.dxy.cn/article/565657"target="_blank"title="丁香園_常用醫(yī)囑縮寫">丁香園_常用醫(yī)囑縮寫

egypt pyramid

Dos命令詳解

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一、DIR 命令的格式：

dir [D:][PATH][NAME][[/A][:attrib]][/[sorted][/s][/l][/c[h]

(1)dir /a:attrib 缺省包含所有文件(系統(tǒng)文件.隱含文件)

attrib[:][h/-h]只顯示隱含文件或非隱含文件.

[r/-r]只顯示只讀文件或非只讀文件

[s/-s]只顯示系統(tǒng)文件或非系統(tǒng)文件

[a/-a]只顯示要歸檔文件或非歸檔文件

(2)/o[:]sorted:缺省完全按字母順序,子目錄顯示在文件之前

/o[n/-n]:按字母順序或按文件名順序/反向顯示

[e/-e]:按擴展名字母順序/反向顯示

[d/-d]:按時間順序/反向顯示

[s/-s]:按大小從大到小或/反向顯示

[g/-g]:按子目錄先于文件或文件先于子目錄

(3)/s 參數(shù):對當(dāng)前目錄及其子目錄中所有文件進行列表

列名ir /s/a/n c:\\>PRN

將c盤上的所有子目錄和文件按隸屬關(guān)系并根據(jù)子目錄和文件字母順序打印輸出

(4)/B 參數(shù):將只顯示文件名與擴展名

(5)/L 參數(shù):將全部用小寫字母對文件或子目錄進行列表

訓(xùn)練:

dir /a 列當(dāng)前目錄所有文件(含隱含及系統(tǒng)文件)

dir /ah 列隱含文件(包含子目錄(隱含的) dir /a-h

dir /as 列系統(tǒng)文件 dir /a-s

dir /ad 列子目錄 dir /a-d

dir /o 按字母順序

dir /B 只顯示文件名與擴展名

二、attrib [+r|-r] [+a|-a] [+s|-s] [+h|-h] [d: ] [name] [/s]

缺省 attrib name 顯示文件的(文件)屬性

attrib io.sys (或子目錄)

shr c:\\ io.sys 指定為系統(tǒng)(s) 隱含(h) 只讀(r)文件

也可以attrib *.sys 顯示擴展名為sys的文件屬性

參數(shù) [+r|-r] 將文件屬性設(shè)置或解除 只讀屬性

[+a|-a] 將文件屬性設(shè)置或解除 歸檔屬性

[+h|-h] 將文件屬性設(shè)置或解除 隱含屬性 (尤其對子目錄也起作用)

/s 參數(shù) 將當(dāng)前及當(dāng)前子目錄下的所有文件均起作用

可以用來查找文件

例子:

attrib news86 列news86的文檔屬性

attrib +r report.txt 設(shè)置為只讀 attrib -s -h record.txt

attrib +a a:*.*

attrib -a a:*.bak

xcopy a: b: /a 將A盤上的所有標(biāo)志為"歸檔"屬性的文件拷到B盤

xcopy a: b: /m 將A盤上的所有文件拷到B盤后并移去歸檔屬性

三、cd 介紹: cd...返回上二級目錄 "."代表當(dāng)前目錄 "."代表父目錄

cd ..\\..返回到上級目錄的父目錄(祖目錄)

cd A:\\ 將A盤的當(dāng)前目錄改為根目錄

cd A:\\xx 將A盤的當(dāng)前目錄改為子目錄xx下

cd ..\\98 先返回父目錄,再進入父目錄下的98子目錄

cd ..返回到父目錄

cd\\98 進入根目錄下的98子目錄

四、copy [/y][/-y][/v][ /B]

copy /y 不加提示,對所有文件加以覆蓋

/-y 加以提示,對所有文件 (yes或no提問 )

/v 拷貝以后加以校驗

/B 按二進制進行顯示

copy w1.wps con/b 可以將wps文件在屏幕上顯示,而不必進入wps狀態(tài)

copy ..\\98 將父目錄下的98子目錄下的所有文件全拷到當(dāng)前子目錄

copy .\\97 當(dāng)當(dāng)前目錄下的97子目錄下文件全部拷到當(dāng)前目錄

copy . c:\\ 將當(dāng)前目錄下的所有文件拷到c盤根目錄

. 意味著 *.* 文件

copy nul a.abc 將a.abc 文件清空(文件長度改為0)

copy 文件名+con 向文本文件中追加命令或內(nèi)容

copy con 文件名 創(chuàng)建文本文件(F6存盤退出)

copy con prn 檢測打印機的開關(guān)

五、xcopy命令

xcopy [source] [date]

[/s] [/e] [/v] [/y]

xcopy [date] xcopy a:b:\\ /d:08/18/98/s/v 拷貝98.08.18年后的文件

xcopy

提示創(chuàng)建子目錄

xcopy [/s] 連帶子目錄一起拷貝. 注意:若目標(biāo)盤上不存在此子目錄,而在目標(biāo)

盤的結(jié)束符又不以"\\"為結(jié)束,則將提示:

does destination specify a file name or directory name on the target

[f=file,d=directory]?

在目標(biāo)盤上創(chuàng)建文件[按下]還是創(chuàng)建子目錄[按下d] ?應(yīng)選擇d鍵

xcopy[/v] 帶較驗

*1) xcopy 不拷貝系統(tǒng)和隱含文件,應(yīng)先予以修改屬性再拷貝

xcopy [/y] 覆蓋時是否有提示, /y 不帶提示

若省略目標(biāo)盤或子目錄名,則拷貝到當(dāng)前目錄下

六、 del /p

加/p 可以在刪除前是否提示

如del后加子目錄名,則將子目錄下所有文件(隱含.系統(tǒng).只讀文件除外)全刪除,

加/p則可以確認.

七、undelete [name] /au

不加提示地將所有滿足條件的文件恢復(fù)(能夠恢復(fù)的),并將首字母置成"#",若已

存在,則按"# % & 0 1 2-9 a-z"順序加上.

如:undelete *.dbf/au 將擴展名為"dbf"的文件全恢復(fù),并以"#"開頭,作為文件

名, /list 僅列出可恢復(fù)的文件,而不恢復(fù)

undelete /load 將undelete裝入內(nèi)存

/unload 將undelete卸出內(nèi)存

/s[drive]對指定驅(qū)動器進行監(jiān)測管理

undelete/sc

將 undelete駐留內(nèi)存,?并創(chuàng)建一個隱含的sentry 子目錄對c盤刪除的文件進行

管理 undelete/ds 恢復(fù)

相應(yīng)恢復(fù)命令可以用undelete即可完整恢復(fù)出文件名(非常完整)

最常用undelete *.*

deltree /y [driveath]

deltree 刪除子目錄及文件,盡管有些文件是系統(tǒng)文件或隱含文件

它可以帶有通配符,帶有通配符時,它將刪除符合條件的文件及子目錄

如:?undelete *.dbf/au 將擴展名為"dbf"的文件全恢復(fù),并以"#"開頭作為文件

名.

/list 僅列出可恢復(fù)的文件,而不作恢復(fù)操作.

undelete/load 將undelete 裝入內(nèi)存.

/unload將undelete 卸出內(nèi)存.

/s[drive] 對指定的驅(qū)動器進行監(jiān)視管理.

undelete/sc 將undelete 駐留內(nèi)存,并創(chuàng)建一個隱含的sentry子目錄對C盤刪除

的文件進行管理.相應(yīng)恢復(fù)命令可以用undelete/ds 即可完整恢復(fù)出文件名(很完善).

最常用的是undelete *.*

八、deltree /y [driveath]

deltree 刪除子目錄及文件,盡管有些文件是系統(tǒng)或隱含的.

它可以帶有通配符,這時它將刪除符合條件的文件或子目錄.

如:存在L1文件,L2子目錄,L3文件,L4子目錄

deltree L*.* 將刪除以上所有的文件和子目錄,但在刪除前加以確認,若不刪除,

可以輸入"N".

/y 參數(shù)是在刪除時不加以確認就進行操作的.

它刪除的文件可以用undelete恢復(fù),?但不能恢復(fù)子目錄及其下的文件,可以用特

殊工具.如NORTON 8.0 等.

若提前使用了undelete/s,?則可以在sentry子目錄下找到完整的文件,但名已經(jīng)

改變了.

九、dos=high[|low[umb|noumb]]

dos=high,umb 則dos將自身裝入高端內(nèi)存(high)并能管理上位內(nèi)存(umb).

noumb 則不管理上位內(nèi)存.

在寫入dos=high及umb 前應(yīng)裝入device=himem.sys

為了將程序或驅(qū)動程序裝入上位內(nèi)存,必須使用dos=umb,可省出大部分常規(guī)內(nèi)存.

可以在config.sys的任何位置寫上dos=high,umb

若顯示hma not avoiable 或 load down low 則表明不能使用高端內(nèi)存.

十、doskey 記錄以前敲過的dos命令,可以用F7來顯示,用"↑↓"來選擇,用F9來輸入

選擇的命令號.

doskey/restall 重新裝入一次,以前的命令行撤消.

doskey/history 顯示內(nèi)存中所有的命令,可以">"顯示到其它文件中,縮寫"/H".

doskey dir=cls 則擊入dir等同于cls一樣.

doskey/macros 可顯示所有的宏定義,可使用">"重定義到文件中,可縮寫"/M".

doskey dir= 可撤消對dir 的宏定義.

doskey p=dir$tdir*.exe/p$tdir c:\\t$tdir c:\\t$*

$t為命令的區(qū)分符,而$*為命令的結(jié)束符

doskey/insert(overstrike)?在重新輸入命令時,對舊命令的修改是插入還是覆

蓋狀態(tài)(默認).

十一、emm386.exe

提供對擴展內(nèi)存的管理,使應(yīng)用程序象使用常規(guī)內(nèi)存一樣能夠使用它.

常見的用法是 在config.sys 中

device=c:\\dos\\himem.sys

device=c:\\dos\\emm386.exe ram

d=64 將DMA 內(nèi)存數(shù)量設(shè)置為64K

noems 提供對上位內(nèi)存的訪問,但不提供對擴展內(nèi)存的訪問.

應(yīng)注意的是在windows中最好不要用它,因為windows本身有對擴展內(nèi)存進行管理

的程序.應(yīng)采用windows中的管理器.

十二、fc 命令 fc/b dt.dat dt2.dat>b (作二進制代碼比較)

比較兩個文件,一般用作存取進度,修改游戲存儲文件用.

實際代碼位置應(yīng)加上0100 如:0000 05E4:00 67

實際用debug -e 修改時應(yīng)加上0100 即 0000 06E4:00 67

后面加上重定向文件">P" 可以將比較結(jié)果輸出到p文件中.

十三、format /q /u /s /n:sectors /f:size /c

/q參數(shù):快速格式化,僅掃描文件分配表和根目錄區(qū),僅對格式化過的磁盤有效.

使用時應(yīng)確保格式化過后沒有增加新的壞道.

/u參數(shù):無條件格式化,并且不保存原來盤上的信息,可以防止"unformat".

/s參數(shù):格式化為系統(tǒng)盤,也可以使用"sys"命令.

/f:size size 可以為160 180 320 360 720 1200 1440 2800

/n:sector n可以為1 格式為單面盤,容量為160k 180k

可以為4 可以在5寸高密驅(qū)動器上格式化360k磁盤

可以為8 可以在5寸高密驅(qū)動器上進行8個扇區(qū)的格式化.

/c 重新測試壞扇區(qū),缺省時如果一個扇區(qū)標(biāo)記為"壞",以后格式時就不在從新測

試,僅作標(biāo)記,使用"/C"時可以從新測試.

十四、unformat 命令

對用format 格式過,且未用"/u"參數(shù)的命令起作用,用它可以來重新修復(fù)已經(jīng)損

壞的硬盤分區(qū)表,但對網(wǎng)絡(luò)盤不起作用.

unformat drive:[/l][/test]

/l 顯示每一個被unformat發(fā)現(xiàn)的文件和子目錄,如果沒有這個開關(guān),只顯示那些

破碎的文件和子目錄,可以用ctrl+s 暫停,按任意鍵繼續(xù).

/test 僅作一個測試,不作實際的修復(fù)工作,作模擬過程.

/p 一邊測試一邊打印.

注:這種方法不能保證修復(fù)所有的文件,尤其是格式化后又添加過數(shù)據(jù)的磁盤.

恢復(fù)后的文件依次存放在subdir1....2....3等子目錄中.

十五、interlnk 語法 interlnk g=e ,它可以通過串口或并口在兩機間進行通訊.

將服務(wù)器端上的e驅(qū)動器映射為客戶端的g驅(qū)動器,以后對客戶端而言,所有對g的

操作都意味著對服務(wù)器的訪問,取消映射的辦法為interlnk g=

單獨輸入interlnk 則顯示所有的映射情況.

注意:interlnk 必須在裝入interlnk.exe 設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序才可以使用.

所用的驅(qū)動器符號與config.?sys中l(wèi)astdrv.exe設(shè)置的數(shù)目有關(guān).可以作一個一

端為25針,另一端為9針的串行線實現(xiàn),具體接線方式如下:

5 - 7 2 - 15

3 - 2 3 - 13

7 - 4 4 - 12

6 - 6 5 - 10

3 - 3 6 - 11

8 - 5 15 - 2

4 - 20 13 - 3

9針 25針 12 - 4

10 - 5

11 - 6

25 - 25

25針 25針

十六、interlnk.exe 與intersvr.exe

interlnk.exe 重新定向?qū)τ诳蛻趄?qū)動器或打印接口的請求到另外的服務(wù)器驅(qū)動

器或打印機.

語法:config.sys 中加入:

device=c:\\dos\\interlnk.exe [drive:n][/noprinter][com][lpt]

十七、memmaker[/batch][session][/swaprive]

使用memmaker能夠優(yōu)化內(nèi)存配置,?并將配置寫入autoexec.bat和config.sys中.

在這一過程中,需要重新啟動幾次機器.

十八、memitem memcolor memdefault submenu 菜單選項include

autoexec.bat 中如下: config.sys中如下:

path c:\\dos;c:\\ucdos [menu]

doskey menucolor=15,1(前景色15,背景色1)

\\mouse\\mouse menuitem=base_config,this is a base

goto %config% ->選擇項 menuitem=cced_config,this is a cced

選項 提示

:base_config menudefault=base_config,5

goto exit ->跳出 缺省為base_config,延遲時間5秒

:cced_config [common]

c:\\dos\\smartdrv.exe /l device=c:\\dos\\himem.sys

goto exit 各項都包含的共同部分

:exit ->結(jié)束 [base_config]

device=c:\\dos\\emm386.exe ram

dos=high,umb

[cced_config]

device=c:\\dos\\smartdrv.exe/double_buffer

include=base_config 包含base_config設(shè)置

可以根據(jù)計算機的在不同情況下的配置要求來選擇.

十九、mscdex.exe 提供對光驅(qū)進行讀寫的程序

mscdex/drive [/Drive][/e][/k][/s][/l:letter]

典型:config.sys 中device=c:\\cdrom\\cdrom.sys /d:mscd000

autoexec.bat中 c:\\dos\\mscdex /d:mscd000 /l:g

配置了一個光驅(qū),符號為g

參數(shù)/drive1為光驅(qū)身份號,須與config.sys中的符號一致,可有多個

/d:mscd000 /d:mscd001

/e:使用擴展內(nèi)存裝入光驅(qū)驅(qū)動程序.

/s:使光驅(qū)在ms_net或windows是否設(shè)置為共享光驅(qū)

/V是否在加載時顯示內(nèi)存.

/L:letter 分配給光驅(qū)的盤符

/m:number 指定緩沖器的數(shù)目

應(yīng)該注意的是:?如果用smartdrv.exe 加速對光驅(qū)的讀寫能力,應(yīng)該在autoexec.

bat中將mscdex.?exe 寫在smartdrv.exe 之前,smartdrv.exe的使用可大幅提高

對驅(qū)動器的讀寫能力.

二十、msd的使用

使用msd 可以整體檢查計算機配置及系統(tǒng)信息

包括:?驅(qū)動器參數(shù),計算機cpu參數(shù),內(nèi)存大小參數(shù),顯示器類型,串.并口情況,以

及各個IRQ占用情況,據(jù)此可以分析新增設(shè)備是否與原來設(shè)備有沖突.

同時也可以通過分析內(nèi)存駐留程序,判斷內(nèi)存中是否有病毒,有則標(biāo)為"???".

二十一、prompt dos提示符

$q 等于號 $t 當(dāng)前時間 $d 當(dāng)前日期 $p 當(dāng)前驅(qū)動器符號

$$ $號提示 $n當(dāng)前驅(qū)動器 $g 大于號 $l小于號 $b 顯示"|"管道號

$h 隱去提示符 $E顯示"<-"號

對于其它文字,則直接顯示文本本身prompt ljw,則顯示為ljw提示符

prompt 則僅顯示當(dāng)前驅(qū)動器號及大于號.

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