六級英語閱讀文章，四級英語閱讀文章真題

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英語六級閱讀文本

四級英語閱讀文章帶翻譯

英語文章6級

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英語六級閱讀文本

Life In Ancient Rome

The ancient Romans are probably best remembered as fighters. Fighting was certainly one of their favourite activities. According to the legend, the city of Rome was founded by the twin sons of Mars — the God of War. 1 The Romans were such successful fighters that no one could resist them. At its height2, the Roman Empire stretched from Britain in the west to Persia in the east, and from Germany in the north down to Africa. The most famous Roman leaders were soldiers —Agrippa , Hadrian, Mark Antony and Julius Caesar3 and the greatest works of Roman literature described many battles these leaders fought.

Even in peacetime the most popular form of sport in Rome was a battle between two professional fighters called gladiators. These men fought each other with swords and spears. Usually one gladiator killed the other. Gladiators also fought wild animals for the amusement of the Roman crowds. Such entertainments were called circuses, and it was often said that“bread and circuses”4 were the only two things the Romans needed to be happy.

But the Romans did not spend all their time fighting. They were great builders. They built wonderful temples and public squares, heated baths and leisure centers, huge arches5 to celebrate the victories of their generals, and fine private houses, decorated with statues, fountains and mosaics. Their ideas of town planning were very advanced. The roads they built were stright and strong. In many parts of Europe, Roman roads are still in use. 6

閱讀自測

Ⅰ. According to the p as sage , fill in the blanks with proper words:

1. One of the favourite activities in ancient Rome was_____________ .

2. The entertainments that gladiators fought wild animals for amusement were called circuses, so there was a saying that_____________ and_____________ were the only two things the Romans needed to be happy.

3. Romans were great builders. They built wonderful_____________ and public squares, heated houses and_____________ and huge arches.

4. The Roman Empire was a wide state and it stretched from_____________ in the west to Persia in the_____________ , and from Germany in the north down to _______

Ⅱ. Question :

List two proverbs which are in relation to Rome.

[page]

參考答案

Ⅰ. 1. fighting 2. bread / circuses 3 . temples / leisure centers 4. Britain / east / Africa Ⅱ. The die is cast. All roads lead to Rome.

參考譯文

古羅馬人

古羅馬人最為出名的可能要算斗士。搏斗理所當(dāng)然地成為他們深愛的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目之一。 據(jù)傳說記載, 羅馬城是由戰(zhàn)神馬耳斯的雙胞胎兒子所建。羅馬人都是戰(zhàn)功赫赫的斗士, 所 向無敵。羅馬帝國鼎盛時期, 其疆域向西擴(kuò)展至不列顛, 東到波斯, 自北面的德國向南直達(dá) 非洲。羅馬最著名的領(lǐng)袖——— 阿格里帕、哈德良、馬克· 安東尼、尤利烏斯· 愷撒都是斗 士, 而且羅馬文學(xué)中最偉大的著作對這些領(lǐng)袖指揮的戰(zhàn)斗都有所描述。

即使是和平年代, 羅馬最流行的運(yùn)動形式也是在被稱為角斗士的兩名專業(yè)斗士之間進(jìn) 行的搏斗。過去這些人用劍和矛對打, 經(jīng)常是兩者必有一死。為了讓羅馬群眾娛樂, 角斗 士還與野生動物打斗。這類娛樂方式被稱為競技。人們常說, 只要有了“ 面包和競技”這兩 樣?xùn)|西, 羅馬人就可以過得快活了。

但是, 羅馬人并沒把所有時間都花在搏斗上。他們也是偉大的建設(shè)者。他們建造了奇 特的廟宇、公共廣場、溫泉浴場、休閑中心、慶祝將軍們凱旋而歸的巨大拱門, 以及裝飾有雕 像、噴泉和鑲嵌圖案的漂亮的私人會所。羅馬人的城市規(guī)劃思想非常先進(jìn)。他們修造的道 路筆直而且堅固。在現(xiàn)代歐洲的許多地方, 羅馬人修筑的道路仍在使用。

閱讀導(dǎo)評

競技場上, 角斗士與角斗士, 角斗士與野獸之間進(jìn)行著殊死搏斗。看臺上, 古羅馬皇帝 及貴族們聞著血腥味無動于衷地觀看著搏斗。這是最慘無人道的表演。就是這種表演, 竟 然可以持續(xù)一百天! 最終, 古羅馬帝國滅亡了。那些驕奢淫逸的貴族們永遠(yuǎn)地被釘在歷史 的恥辱柱上, 那些勇敢的斗士被永遠(yuǎn)地載入史冊, 那些偉大的建筑則成了今天的名勝。

閱讀導(dǎo)釋

1. 傳說戰(zhàn)神馬耳斯與一位國王的女兒生了對雙胞胎羅穆盧斯( Romulus) 和瑞摩斯( Remus) 。然而, 邪惡的舅舅把他們丟棄在臺伯河( Tiber River ) 上, 任其自生自滅。幸運(yùn) 的雙胞胎并沒有被淹死。他們由一只母狼哺養(yǎng)長大, 后來被獵人救出。兩人成年后, 決定建立城市。在修筑城墻時兩人發(fā)生爭吵, 羅穆盧斯殺死瑞摩斯成為羅馬城創(chuàng)建者及 “ 王政時代”的第一國王。今天羅馬城市的中心仍有一尊母狼哺乳嬰兒的青銅像。至 今, 羅馬城徽的圖案就是一只母狼哺乳兩個嬰兒。

2. 這個詞是形容詞high 的名詞形式, 意思是“頂峰, 頂點(diǎn), 極度”, 如: reach the height of the mountain ( 到達(dá)山頂) ; The storm was at its height. ( 風(fēng)暴正猛。)

3. Agrippa ( 阿格里帕, 63? —12BC) , 羅馬帝國皇帝奧古斯都的密友、副手和得力將領(lǐng), 歷 任執(zhí)政官、護(hù)民官和帝國宰相。Hadrian ( 哈德良, 76—138) , 奧古斯都( 117—138 ) 對外 采取謹(jǐn)守邊境政策, 對內(nèi)加強(qiáng)極權(quán)統(tǒng)治, 數(shù)次巡行帝國各地, 在不列顛境內(nèi)筑“ 哈德良長 城”, 鎮(zhèn)壓猶太人暴動( 132—135) , 編纂羅馬法典, 獎勵文藝。Mark Antony ( 馬克·安東 尼, 82? —30BC) , 古羅馬統(tǒng)帥和政治領(lǐng)袖, 與李必達(dá)( Lepidus, ? —77? BC) 、屋大維 ( Octavian, 63BC—14AD) 結(jié)成“ 后三頭”政治聯(lián)盟。Julius Caesar ( 尤利烏斯·愷撒, 100—44BC) , 羅馬統(tǒng)帥和政治家, 與龐培( Pompey, 106—48BC) 、克拉蘇( Crassus, 115— 53BC) 結(jié)成“前三頭同盟”后擊敗龐培, 成為羅馬獨(dú)裁者( 49—44BC) , 后來被共和派貴 族刺殺。他曾編訂定儒略歷, 著有《高盧戰(zhàn)記》。諺語“The die is cast. ( 木已成舟。) ”即 出自愷撒。

4. 這個詞組已經(jīng)從它的本意“ 面包和馬戲表演”引申為“政府或其他統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)出于安撫目 的款待公眾的面包和馬戲欣賞、食物和娛樂”, 也可指“ 福利”, 意思同welfare, 如: On the direct orders of the new leaders, it was bread and circuses time this week. ( 由于新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 直接下令, 這個星期是老百姓享受吃喝玩樂的日子。)

5. 這個詞的意思是“ 拱門, 拱型建筑”, 如: the Arch of Triumph( 凱旋門) 。

6. 文章最后兩句話也許是英語諺語“All roads lead to Rome. ”的最初含義。但是, 不管是不 是這樣, 大家對“ 條條大道通羅馬”應(yīng)該有更深的理解吧。

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四級英語閱讀文章帶翻譯

2019年英語六級閱讀理解裂饑試題庫及答案(11)

In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?"賀謹(jǐn) he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief."

As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The "ignorant natives" may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought "pure" pictures of "primitive" cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.

These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine'肆拍返s photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only "kindly" visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of "an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict."

Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.

練習(xí)題

1. The main idea of the passage is ______________.

[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

[B] There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.

[C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.

[D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.

2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________.

[A] took pictures with the natives

[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

[C] ask for pictures from the natives

[D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses

3. The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to ___________.

[A] show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.

[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

[C] show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.

[D] show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.

4. “But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.” In this sentence, the “one [culture] that stares back” refers to _______.

[A] the indigenous culture

[B] the Western culture

[C] the academic culture

[D] the news business culture

5. With which of the following statements would Cat

herine Lutz most probably agree?

[A] Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.

[B] The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.

[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

[D] People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.

答案及解析

1. 答案是[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時，為了不與西方讀者的中產(chǎn)階級價值觀發(fā)生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較為落后的社會中人們的生活。他們經(jīng)常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個西方讀者想象中的，經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)的，有異域風(fēng)情的，沒有痛苦和階級斗爭的經(jīng)濟(jì)落后社會的畫面。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，戰(zhàn)爭，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片”的默契。

2. 答案是[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

解析：文章第二段說，When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.可見早期到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r夸大其詞。在照相機(jī)發(fā)明之后，科學(xué)家能更好地客觀反映那些遠(yuǎn)方地區(qū)的真實(shí)情況。

3. 答案是[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項(xiàng)奧斯卡大獎的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》(導(dǎo)演：DAVID LEAN)中的一個片段。該電影本來與作者要講的題目并無直接關(guān)系。作者僅僅通過一個電影中描述的場景來說明一個論點(diǎn)。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會，那里的人們對現(xiàn)代的文明，和從沒見過的現(xiàn)代文明的產(chǎn)物容易產(chǎn)生誤解。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機(jī)，因?yàn)樗麘岩?，那從未見過的玩意兒會偷走他的“美好品德(VIRTUE)”。但是，作者在下文說，那些土著居民的擔(dān)心并非全無道理。因?yàn)槲鞣降挠浾吆蛯W(xué)者們，為了描繪一個西方人心目中固有的土著社會(或者經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展欠發(fā)達(dá)社會)的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中產(chǎn)階級的趣味。在短文中，作者有時候并不開宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩歌，書籍，電影，歌曲等，引起讀者對其討論話題的興趣，然后再引入主題。并不是每一篇文章都會開門見山，讀者不應(yīng)該把每篇文章的首尾句都當(dāng)成對文章大意的總結(jié)。

4. 答案是[A] the indigenous culture

解析：But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.本句是文章切入主題的重點(diǎn)句。考生應(yīng)該格外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現(xiàn)的，以轉(zhuǎn)折詞(例如，HOWEVER， BUT，NEVERTHELESS， NONETHELESS等)開頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統(tǒng)論點(diǎn)，或者普遍看法的關(guān)鍵地方。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學(xué)家拍攝的照片展現(xiàn)的與其說是那個盯視著照相機(jī)的(被拍攝的)文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機(jī)的(西方)文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方攝影者的偏見和對落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價值觀，并不是完全真實(shí)客觀的那些不發(fā)達(dá)社會的寫照。這句話基本上是對文章中心意思的總結(jié)。如果對文章的主題有大致的認(rèn)識，就不會將本題選錯。

5. 答案是[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

解析：Catherine Lutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她們在書中寫道，《國家地理》雜志自從1888年創(chuàng)刊以來，就一直刊登那些不和美國中產(chǎn)階級白人的價值觀發(fā)生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現(xiàn)袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對象。她們認(rèn)為，這樣做的后果就是，在那些西方主流雜志中展現(xiàn)的，似乎是相對而言沒有痛苦的，也不存在階級斗爭的社會。因此答案C The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies(西方媒體并沒有展現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的真實(shí)畫面)最能表現(xiàn)該作者的觀點(diǎn)。

2019年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案(12)

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.

There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.

The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.

Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection proce

ss of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.

The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

練習(xí)題

1. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?

[A] Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.

[B] We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.

[C] We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.

[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

2. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because ____________.

[A] The medical profession is based on trust.

[B] There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.

[C] The medical profession depends on the government.

[D] Cheating exists extensively in medical schools.

3. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?

[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.

[B] Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.

[C] Parents are always to blame for their children’s cheating behaviour.

[D] Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.

4. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?

[A] Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.

[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.

[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

[D] There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

5. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?

[A] Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.

[B] Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.

[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

[D] Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.

答案及解析

1. 答案是[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

解析：文章第一段說，Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫(yī)學(xué)院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重程度，也不甚明了如何對該類現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行預(yù)防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的)，那么[A][B][C]所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯誤選項(xiàng)。只有[D]的敘述正確。

2. 答案是[A] The medical profession is based on trust.

解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認(rèn)為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。在醫(yī)學(xué)院就作弊的學(xué)生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了， 對醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅決打擊。[B]項(xiàng)說的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果，而不是原因。[C]醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府，[D]醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。

3. 答案是[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.

解析：[A]的內(nèi)容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在，原因是多方面的。學(xué)生在上醫(yī)學(xué)院之前受到的家庭，社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項(xiàng)[A]的內(nèi)容。[B][C][D]的說法雖然都有道理，但是都過于絕對。學(xué)校的環(huán)境，家長的教育，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是決定性的。Leading，always，primarily之類的用詞決定了它們都不是最佳選項(xiàng)。

4. 答案是[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

解析：[A]“醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該確立明確道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，淘汰道德素質(zhì)低下的申請者”是錯誤選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)槲恼抡劦饺绾握鐒e申請醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)生的道德素質(zhì)的時候，作者用的是虛擬語氣have的過去式had(if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance)：如果能有可靠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，能預(yù)先了解學(xué)生的道德水平，醫(yī)學(xué)院在錄取的時候應(yīng)該照顧那些恪守道德準(zhǔn)則的學(xué)生?？梢娔壳安]有這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循。[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.和文章的內(nèi)容相反。因?yàn)槲恼旅鞔_地說Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]項(xiàng)錯，因?yàn)槲恼碌谋疽馐?，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生在學(xué)期間，道德素質(zhì)不僅不會提高，而且可能下降(regress)。但是作者并沒有說，醫(yī)學(xué)院在提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)方面無計可施，而是敦促學(xué)校采取相應(yīng)措施，imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity，(增強(qiáng)未來的醫(yī)師們的道德感)。

5. 答案是[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

解析：[C]項(xiàng)和文章最后一段的The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing相呼應(yīng)。[A]錯，因?yàn)樽髡邲]有建議醫(yī)(轉(zhuǎn)載自中國教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net，請保留此標(biāo)記。)學(xué)院應(yīng)該降低考試難度。[B]的敘述不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)樽髡叩谋疽馐轻t(yī)學(xué)界的要人應(yīng)該樹立楷模，而不是讓他們設(shè)定一套人人遵循的行規(guī)。[D]錯，作者僅提議醫(yī)學(xué)院對有違反道德準(zhǔn)則學(xué)生的處罰應(yīng)該是堅決，公正，透明和統(tǒng)一的。作者并沒有明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開除出校。

英語文章6級

1.大綱要求

六級考試大綱對閱讀理解題的要求為：既能理解個別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隱含的意思；既能理解事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷，推理和信息轉(zhuǎn)換。

2.六級考試閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)

a.考試時間為35分鐘，共20題，每題2分，共計40分。閱讀理解主要有四篇短文，短文的長度平均為350詞左右，總閱讀量為1400詞左右，閱讀速度平均為70Wpm(word per minute)

b.閱讀理解的題材廣泛，體裁多種，題型多樣。閱讀理解的題材廣泛，內(nèi)容包羅萬象,如有關(guān)動植物、人物傳記、歷史、文化、環(huán)境、資源、交通、醫(yī)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、信息等方面?？傮w上說，其題材主要集中在科普知識，社會文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)生活三方面。閱讀理解的體裁有敘述文、議論文、說明文等，通過歷年試題的分析我們發(fā)現(xiàn)六級閱讀文章主要是議論文和說明文。閱讀理解的題型主要有主觀性題型和客觀性題型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者語氣、態(tài)度型、結(jié)論型等。后者主要包括事實(shí)型、推測詞義型、指代關(guān)系型、常識題、是非題等。

讀理解題的復(fù)習(xí)方法

（1）培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣

這里主要強(qiáng)調(diào)讀者要始終以一種積極的心態(tài)去閱讀。我們閱讀的目的是獲取知識信息，了解他人對有關(guān)問題的態(tài)度和看法，所以閱讀時我們應(yīng)培養(yǎng)對新的知識信息的自覺的敏銳感，對作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度進(jìn)行批判性的分析；跟上作者的寫作思路，從已讀的部分可以預(yù)知作者下面要講的內(nèi)容；辨別文章中哪些是作者的論畝檔點(diǎn)，哪些是事實(shí)和論據(jù)。只要我們平時能養(yǎng)成這樣的閱讀習(xí)慣，就不會被淹沒在作者所呈現(xiàn)的各種事實(shí)和材料中；考試時就能應(yīng)付各種類型的問題；也就能夠更加有意識地略過那些自己不甚明了但不影響基本閱讀任務(wù)的完成的部分。

（2）廣泛涉獵，了解有關(guān)背景知識

閱讀理解試題在其種程度上不僅僅是對考生英語語言水平的考查，同時也是對考生知識面及知識結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。如有些雹耐純考生對短文中的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)基本上都知道了，但是對其真正的涵義即隱含的意思卻模棱兩可，似懂非懂，做題目時便舉棋不定。這主要是對短文的背景知識不了解，甚至一竅不通的結(jié)果。所以考生在平時應(yīng)廣泛閱讀，特別是一些自己比較生疏的領(lǐng)域，如某些科技知識等。如果考生對背景內(nèi)容比較熟悉，讀起來就比較順利，對文章的理解也比較透徹，做起題目也會得心應(yīng)手。再如本考題中有推測文章來源的題目，則需要考生有一定的文體知識，如演講、社論、新聞、書評、教科書、科技論文等的內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)和語言特點(diǎn)?？傊?，廣泛涉獵，了解一些背景知識，即有助于增加語感，對短文的理解又有助于提高閱讀的速度。

（3）防止“題?！睉?zhàn)術(shù)，注意提高閱讀速度和解題技巧。

有些考生誤認(rèn)為練習(xí)做得越多，在考試中閱讀理解題的得分也就越高。其時不然，如不注意閱讀速度和解題技巧，便會事倍功半。

(a) 由于考試時的心理因素或其它因素的干憂，所以考生在平時練習(xí)時應(yīng)把握好測試時間，按略高于考源咐試要求的速度即70wpm進(jìn)行練習(xí)。

(b) 在解題時考生還應(yīng)注意題型，對于不同的題型應(yīng)采取不同的解題思路和技巧。如：

a. 主旨題。其命題方式中含有“main idea, subject, purpose”等詞，做這種題時，主要是看篇章中的主題句或者是從篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)著手，利用自己的推理能力，對文章的信息進(jìn)行分析，從而歸納總結(jié)出主題。

b. 推理題。通過對文字表面的認(rèn)識，把握住推理范圍，利用相關(guān)部分提供的事實(shí)、背景知識和常識，保持正確的思維過程和遵循嚴(yán)格的邏輯規(guī)律，從而做出正確的選擇。

c. 作者語氣、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)型。判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度主要是通過說話的語氣、文章的措詞、文體等，同時也應(yīng)注意語篇中的修辭。

d. 對于細(xì)節(jié)問題，應(yīng)首先找到它的考查點(diǎn)，然后根據(jù)它的命題規(guī)律答題。這類題的題干+答案在意義上通常等于原文中某一部分的內(nèi)容，也就是說用不同的表達(dá)方式使題干+答案與原文等值。所用的方法大致有釋義、使用同義詞、反義詞或詞組、利用詞匯的同現(xiàn)、復(fù)現(xiàn)、上、下義詞以及句式和語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換等等。干擾項(xiàng)要么與文章中的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)截然相反，要么與文章所述的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)部分不符，要么在文章中根本沒有涉及?？傊}目不在于做的“多”，而在于做的“精”，“精”就精在閱讀速度和解題技巧。

考生臨場注意事項(xiàng)

1.克服對生詞的恐懼心理。在閱讀中，如遇到生詞，應(yīng)利用詞匯學(xué)知識（如“前綴、后綴”）、句法語義知識和根據(jù)上下文來進(jìn)行推測，對于不影響篇章理解的生詞可跳過。

2.做題前應(yīng)先用掃描法弄清問題的類型及出題角度，再帶著問題看短文，注意與問題有關(guān)的信息詞及與問題有關(guān)的段落范圍。

3.做題時，應(yīng)注意不同的題型采取不同的策略，以提高解題的速度和準(zhǔn)確率。

總而言之，考生在平時應(yīng)注意復(fù)習(xí)方法，在考試中應(yīng)注意應(yīng)試技巧，希望閱讀理解題能成為您進(jìn)軍六級的“階梯”，而不是“攔路虎”。

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