英語四級(jí)語法匯總，英語四級(jí)單詞5000匯總

目錄

英語四級(jí)單詞5000匯總

3～6年級(jí)英語重點(diǎn)句型及語法

英語語法匯總

初一英語語法大全匯總

英語四級(jí)必考詞匯

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英語四級(jí)單詞5000匯總

一、英語四級(jí)翻譯必考語法：介詞使用(of/to/in…)

過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。

過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。

習(xí)俗過中秋節(jié)的開始流行于唐代早期在中國各地。

The tradition of celebrating mid-autumn day became popular at the beginning of Tang dynasty throughout china.

這個(gè)句子有印象沒?是我借的六級(jí)句子給大家講的吧?

好，我們來看這次的新句子：

中國給數(shù)百萬在線零售商以極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格銷售商品的機(jī)會(huì)。

中國給數(shù)百萬在線零售商以極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格銷售商品的機(jī)會(huì)。

中國給數(shù)百萬在線零售商機(jī)會(huì)銷售商品以極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格

China is providing millions of online retailers chances to sell goods at a very competitive price.

我們看到，完全不一樣的兩句話，完全一樣的.考點(diǎn)。

二絕御、英語四級(jí)翻譯必考語法：定語從句

中國人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。

Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.

我說過，『這』和『該』就是which吧，特別重要。來，上新句子：

據(jù)報(bào)道，今年中國快遞服務(wù)(courier service)將遞送大約120億件包裹。這將使中國有可能超越美國成為世界上最大的快遞市場(chǎng)。

It is reported that China’s courier service will deliver 12 billion packages, which will possibly make China the largest express market in the world, larger than the U. S.

請(qǐng)問：有差別嗎?而且我是用最簡(jiǎn)單的單詞和語法寫的，你發(fā)現(xiàn)沒?我要讓你們知道，單詞并不重要，翻譯從來就不是學(xué)霸們才用得起的奢侈品。

然后，你再想想，定語從句能用的地方，再看看剛剛考過的句子，是不是有一種腦洞大開的感腳??

u 中國現(xiàn)在擁有世界上發(fā)展最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)，并正經(jīng)歷著一次新的工業(yè)革命。

u 中國還啟動(dòng)了雄心勃勃的太空探索計(jì)劃，其中包括到2020年建成一個(gè)太空站。

三、英語四級(jí)翻譯必考語法：插入語或同位語

大熊貓(giant panda)是一種并橡巖溫順的動(dòng)物，長著獨(dú)特的黑白皮毛。因其數(shù)量極少，大熊貓已被列為瀕危物種。

The giant panda, a sort of peaceful animal with unique white and black fur, has been listed as an endangered species because of its rarity.

熟不?廢話，去年考過的，我點(diǎn)睛班反如含復(fù)講過的。

來，上新題：

中國是世界上最古老的文明之一，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代世界基礎(chǔ)的許多元素都起源于中國。

China, the most ancient civilization in the world, is the starting place of many elements which formed the modern world’s fundamentals.

3～6年級(jí)英語重點(diǎn)句型及語法

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯常見語法考點(diǎn)

四級(jí)翻譯部分為漢譯英，共5個(gè)句子，一句一題，句長為15-30詞，句中的一旁遲基部分已用英文給出，考生需根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語，考試時(shí)間5分鐘。下面是我整理的大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯常見語法考點(diǎn)，歡迎大家閱讀！

一、題型介紹

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試的最后一個(gè)階段是翻譯。運(yùn)謹(jǐn)翻譯部分為 漢譯英，共5個(gè)句子，一句一題，句長為15—30詞。句中的一部分已用英文給出，要求考生根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語，約3到8個(gè)單詞。考試時(shí)間5分鐘。翻譯須符合英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，要求用詞準(zhǔn)確。 該部分主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用正確的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)并按英 語習(xí)慣表達(dá)思想的能力。因此，要求學(xué)生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和 四級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)中熟練掌握四級(jí)大綱規(guī)定的詞匯、詞組和語法 知識(shí)，熟悉各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并且能夠活學(xué)活用。

二、評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1. 整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確，得1分。

2. 結(jié)構(gòu)正確，但整 體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當(dāng)，得0.5分。

3. 整體意思正確但語言有錯(cuò)誤，得0.5分。

4. 整體意思完全 錯(cuò)誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。

5. 大小寫錯(cuò)誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符 號(hào)忽略不計(jì)。

常見語法考點(diǎn)真題解析

1、從句的翻譯

(1)主語從句 例. ___________(很多人沒有意識(shí)到的) is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案：What many people don’t realize

What的用法 1. what = just as，意為“恰像，猶如，好比”用作連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 ⑴ 慣用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”。 E.g. Air is to us what water is to fish. (介詞to 表示兩者的關(guān)系) ⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。E.g. Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。(介詞for表示“供…使 用”) ⑶ what 引導(dǎo)的從句也可以放在句首，其句式是：What C to D，that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，喻體在前，主體在后，相當(dāng)于“just as…， as… so…”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思也是“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”例如： What blood vessel is to a man's body，that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ，so Railway is to transportation.)鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人體一樣。

2. what 與do with連用，意為“(怎樣)處理﹑安排或?qū)Ω兜取?。what常有較靈活的翻譯，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如：① What will you do with the letter?② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

3. What從句可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。例如：① We will make the factory twice what it is today.(句中的twice what it is today是動(dòng)詞旦老make的賓語the factory的補(bǔ)足語)Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.地心吸引力使人稱得現(xiàn)有的重量(句中的第一個(gè)what到句末為表語從句;句末的what you weigh 是 說明前面的動(dòng)詞weigh，系回答how much 的問題， 作狀語)

4.與what連用的常用句型和詞組⑴ What if…?如果(假如)…將會(huì)怎么樣?例如： What if it is true?如果這是真的又怎么樣? What if a storm should come up?萬一發(fā)生暴風(fēng)雨怎么辦?(2)come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝，意為“不管發(fā)生什么事” Come what will (may)，I will always stand by you.

2)賓語從句 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的) not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案： is measured by how much they can loan

3)表語從句 In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________ (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12) 答案：I am more likely to get tired than before

4)定語從句 1).______________(與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案： Compared with the place where I grew up

2)The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_____________ (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域). (2007.6)答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate

5)狀語從句 1) Leaving one’s job, ______________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案：whatever it is(讓步狀語從句) 2)I am going to pursue this course, (無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).(2007.12) 答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語從句) 2.虛擬語氣

歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：

(1)(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形; (2)if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句; (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的`用法。

【真題】You would not have failed if______________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)：首先最重要的考點(diǎn)是if從句的虛擬語氣考查;根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的 形式，從句中應(yīng)該采用had+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu);第二 是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表達(dá)為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達(dá)，兩者選其一就可以;注意很多學(xué)生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語you，造成不必要的失分。【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders

3.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝，即只有系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類：

(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than， sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首時(shí)所導(dǎo)致的倒裝。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different. 以前我很少去劇院，但是現(xiàn)在不同了。

(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，將if 省略，把should, had, were提至主語前，形成倒裝。 Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.如果我是你，絕對(duì)不會(huì)答應(yīng)那么做的。

(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝。為突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時(shí)，實(shí)行倒裝，如： A. so 倒裝句 So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食。

B.以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語：only, often, then Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted. 然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。 Only by working hard can we achieve what we want. 我們只有通過努力工作才能獲得想要的東西。

(4)在“so+形容詞…that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將“so+形容詞”置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后的系動(dòng)詞be則要移到主語前面，形成主謂的完全倒裝。So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感動(dòng)得說不出話來。

練習(xí)題

1. The professor required that_____________________ (我們交研究報(bào)告)by Wednesday.

2. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接電話的卻是他的助手).

3. The mananger never laughed, neither_______________(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣)。

4. The significant museum________________(據(jù)說建成于)about a hundred years ago

5. 5.If she had return an hour earlier, Mary_______________(就不會(huì)被大雨淋了)。

;

英語語法匯總

主語和謂語一致性

在英語的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語保持一致。如：

The results of the examination show that you have all made good progress.考試結(jié)果說明你們都有很大的進(jìn)步型仔。

The questions raised by Mr.White are very important.懷特先生提供的問題很重要。

The theory put forward by these scientists is quite reasonable.這些科學(xué)家提出的理論是很有道理的.。

1. 如果主語是一個(gè)抽象概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：

Growing vegetables needs constant watering.

2. 當(dāng)主語中包含有and時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一概念，謂語要用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，否則用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：

The food and the textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.糧食工業(yè)和紡織工業(yè)主要靠農(nóng)業(yè)提供原料。

To mean top do something and to actually do something are two separate things.想干一件事和真干一件事是兩回事。

3. 如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有with,together with,as well as,no less than,like,but,except等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍舊用則租殲單數(shù)形式。如/FONT>

An iron and steel works,with some statellite factories,is to be built here.這里將要修建一座鋼鐵廠和幾個(gè)衛(wèi)星工廠.

Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.只有小李和小王在那里.

Justice,as well as the law,demands that these bandits be severely punished.法律和正義都要求嚴(yán)辦這些匪徒。

4. each和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。

如：Each of us has something to say.我們每個(gè)人都有些話要說。

Somebody is using the phone.有人在用電話。

5. what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要由意思決定。

如：Which is your room?哪個(gè)是你的房間?

Which are your rooms?哪幾間是你們的房間?

6. none作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)較多，但有時(shí)也作單數(shù)孫沖，主要看說話人所聯(lián)想到的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)概念。作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，

如：None of the books are easy enough for us.這些書全太難，不適合我們的水平。

None of us seemto have thought of it.我們?nèi)妓坪鯖]有想到過這一點(diǎn)。

作單數(shù)時(shí)：None ofus has got a camara.我們中間沒有一個(gè)人有照相機(jī)。

none在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)。如：None of this worries me.這事一點(diǎn)使我著急。

7. either和neither通常作單數(shù)看待：

Neither of us has gone through regular training.我們兩人誰都沒能受過正規(guī)訓(xùn)練。

Has either of them told you?他們兩人中間有誰告訴過你嗎?

8. many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。如：

Many a person has had that kind of experience.很多人有過這種經(jīng)歷。

9. people,police,cattle,poultry,militia等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：Cattle are grazing on the pasture.牛正在草場(chǎng)上吃草。

The militia are all out drilling for the National Day parade. 民兵們都出來操練，準(zhǔn)備參加國慶游行。

有些集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，要根據(jù)意思判斷。

如：His family isn't very large.他家人不很多。

His family are all music lovers.他家的人都喜愛音樂。

10. number,variety,proportion,majority,population等詞和作單數(shù)，有時(shí)用作復(fù)數(shù)，要根據(jù)意思判斷，如：A number of books have been published on the subject.有關(guān)這學(xué)科的書出版了好些。

The number of books published on the subject simply amazing.有關(guān)學(xué)科的書出版的數(shù)量簡(jiǎn)直驚人。

A large proportion of the country is desert.這個(gè)國家大部分是沙漠。

11. 不可數(shù)名詞前如有表數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面常用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞作謂語。如：In these years 5 million square meters of housing constructed in Shanghai.這幾年中，上海修建了五百尤平方米的住房。

There are about thirteen pints of blood in a man'sbody.人體內(nèi)約有十三品脫的血。

12. 表示時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值等的名詞，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果作整體看待，動(dòng)詞也可用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞也是可以的。如：

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparation. 給了三個(gè)星期來做必要的準(zhǔn)備。

One hundred li was covered in a single night.一夜間就走了一百里路。

13. 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)主語，而它們又是由either...or或neither...nor連接起來時(shí)，謂語要和最臨近的主語一致。如：

Either you or Lao Yang is to do the work.不是你就是老楊來做這工作。

如果一個(gè)句子是由there或here引起，而主語又不止一個(gè)，謂語通常也和最臨近的那個(gè)主語一致。

如：There was carved on the board a dragon and a phoenix. 在板子上雕有一條龍和一只鳳。

Where is your wift and children to stay while you are away? 你不在這兒時(shí)你愛人和孩子在哪兒呢?

In the truck was found a pen,a few suits of clothes and two books. 在大箱子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一支筆、幾套衣服和兩本書。

初一英語語法大全匯總

有關(guān)大學(xué)英語四級(jí)常用的語法精選

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)常用語法精選(12)

Ⅴ 連詞

并列連詞

表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor

表示選擇: or, either…or

表示轉(zhuǎn)折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認(rèn)為是副詞)

表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence

從屬連詞

表示時(shí)間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once

表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that

表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),

表示其他關(guān)系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that

Ⅵ 定語從句

限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞詞組不可缺改塵少的一個(gè)組成部分, 去掉了會(huì)造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬于補(bǔ)充說明性質(zhì), 去掉了不會(huì)影響主要意義, 通常用逗號(hào)與它的先行詞分開.

The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.

The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.

如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其后的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:

Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.

Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.

All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.

在非限制性定語從句中只能用舉殲叢who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.

My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.

All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.

定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時(shí)正櫻用that (作主語時(shí)用who較多). 如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應(yīng)當(dāng)用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數(shù)情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.

Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.

He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.

The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.

There are some people here who I want you to meet.

但在介詞后只能用whom:

This is the man to whom I referred.

但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子后面去, 這時(shí)可用that, 但省略時(shí)更多一些.

Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?

Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.

The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.

限制性定語從句如果修飾“物”, 用關(guān)系代詞that的時(shí)候較多, 也有時(shí)用which.. 當(dāng)這個(gè)代詞在從句中是用作賓語時(shí), 在絕大多數(shù)情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當(dāng)被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時(shí)):

Have you everything you need?

(Is there) anything I can do for you?

All you have to do is to press the button.

2016年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)(4)

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的'，總體的

in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：

now that 既然，由于; in that 因?yàn)? except that 除…之外。

except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

responsible to 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

2016年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)(3)

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

2016年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)(2)

短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。

非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：

第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

2016年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)(1)

非謂語動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

當(dāng)短語部分有獨(dú)立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時(shí)短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語部分有獨(dú)立的主語)。

獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]

現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過判斷動(dòng)作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過去分詞。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。

獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會(huì)考。

動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);

been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞相對(duì);being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)

短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。

非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：

第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

2016大學(xué)英語四級(jí)聽力10大常考場(chǎng)景總結(jié)（4）

場(chǎng)景四：購物

1.采購衣服

必備詞匯表

size 型號(hào) come in all sizes 號(hào)全

2.采購電器

必備詞匯表

model 款 discount 折扣

latest technology 最新的科技 reduce 減少

;

英語四級(jí)必考詞匯

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)常用語法精選大全

too…to 結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示否定意義:

She was too young to understand all that.

enough…to結(jié)構(gòu)則表示肯定意義:

She was not old enough to understand all that.

not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時(shí),不定式一般不表示否定意義:

He's only too pleased to help her.

so…as (to)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用不定式作狀語:

Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.

如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的, 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語:

It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.

It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.

在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語時(shí), 不定式前可加一個(gè)of引起的短語, 來說明不定式指的是誰的情況:

It's kind of you to think so much of us.

(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.

It's very nice of you to be so considerate.

It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.

V+ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞及動(dòng)名詞)

形式

完成式: 如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生, 通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式.

He didn't mention having met me.

I regret not having taken her advice.

在某些動(dòng)詞后(或成語中), 常用(或可森基漏以用)動(dòng)名詞的一般形式, 盡管動(dòng)作是在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的.

Excuse me for coming late.

I don't remember ever seeing him anywhere.

現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中, 表示這動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生.

Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.

Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.

另外, 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)也可用現(xiàn)此爛在分詞的完成形式.

The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.

The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.

被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí), 動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式鋒枝.

His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.

He couldn't bear being made fun of like that.

但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動(dòng)詞后, 盡管表示的是被動(dòng)的意思, 卻用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式.

My pen needs filling.

The point deserves mentioning.

This problem requires studying with great care.

在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣.

Her method is worth trying.

2016年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)(4)

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的`結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：

now that 既然，由于; in that 因?yàn)? except that 除…之外。

except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

responsible to 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

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